The recent discovery of the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent, considered the greatest Ottoman ruler, has raised hopes of a tourism boom in one of Hungary’s most impoverished areas.
From hammam baths and crumbling minarets to battle site memorials and ruins of mosques, traces of the country’s 150-year-long stretch (1541-1699) in the Ottoman Empire are not hard to find in Hungary.
But many Hungarians see them as relics of a dark period during which the country’s flourishing renaissance era was extinguished.
As a result, few of the Ottoman monuments have so far been promoted by the Hungarian authorities.
Suleiman’s case could change that, however.
Experts confirmed in July that excavations begun two years ago in the struggling town of Szigetvar, close to the Croatian border, had revealed the tomb of the 16th-century ruler.
Suleiman died aged 71 on September 7, 1566, during an epic battle with the mainly Croatian defenders of Szigetvar castle that depleted his forces hoping to quickly advance on Vienna, the capital of the Habsburg Empire.
Wednesday marked the 450th anniversary of the siege.
“This town is dying, young people are leaving or have already left for Germany or London, but Suleiman can bring in jobs, income, and tourists,” said Norbert Pap, head of the team of researchers whose excavations uncovered the tomb.
“Szigetvar may be on the periphery now, but 450 years ago it was on the main street of European history,” Pap, a geographer and historian at nearby Pecs university, told AFP.
Who was Suleiman?
Born in 1494, Suleiman, whose reign from 1520 to 1566 was the longest of any sultan, greatly expanded the Ottoman Empire, annexing large swathes of the Balkans, the Middle East and northern Africa.
Taken ill before his final battle, Suleiman died in his imperial camp, located an hour’s walk east of the castle according to contemporary accounts.
Around his tomb the town of Turbek grew, the only settlement that the Ottomans built from scratch during their reign in Hungary.
At the end of the 17th century, however, both the town and the tomb were wiped off the map by the Habsburgs.
Why was 2012 an important year?
Until 2012 that is, when Pap secured funding from the Turkish government to use technology to try find them.
A few days before Christmas 2014 a geophysics survey of a site four kilometres to the east of Szigetvar castle returned results that set Pap’s pulse racing.
“It showed the presence of buildings, just under the grass, matching positions on the medieval maps of Turbek, and all of them pointing very precisely toward Mecca,” he said.
Excavations gradually uncovered the remains of Turbek: the walls of a mosque, a tomb, dervish monastery cloisters, as well as a wealth of silver coins and fragments of clothing, pottery, glass and metal.
The evidence became overwhelming, and by July this year experts in Turkey were also convinced. “Finally we could say for certain that we had found Suleiman’s tomb,” said Pap.
Can it boost tourism?
Sleepy Szigetvar with a population of 10,000 has few hotels, but Pap is convinced of the town’s long-term potential for tourism given appropriate investment. The only other Ottoman sultan to die outside the Empire’s centres of Istanbul and Bursa — Sultan Murad, killed in the 1389 battle of Kosovo Polje — draws several thousands of tourists annually to his tomb in modern-day Kosovo.
“Suleiman is a national cultural icon in Turkey, and as Szigetvar is easier to get to from both western Europe and Turkey than Kosovo, there is a very good chance that Turkish tourists will come visit the tomb,” said Pap. The town’s mayor Peter Vass told AFP that he hopes the number of visitors to Szigetvar will double from the current 25,000 per year.
Pap’s team continues to dig for the rest of Turbek including a military barrack and the town’s walls. “Hungary and Turkey have much in common, a shared cultural heritage,” Turkey’s ambassador in Budapest Sakir Fakili told AFP.AFP
In a nutshell
Szigetvar is a town in Hungary close to the Croatian border.
Experts confirmed in July that excavations begun two years ago there had revealed the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent.
He is considered the greatest Ottoman ruler and is a national icon in Turkey.
He was born in 1494 and his reign lasted from 1520 to 1566.
He greatly expanded the Ottoman Empire, annexing large swathes of the Balkans, the Middle East and northern Africa.
